论汇率政策的变化和调整对国有商业银行经营管理模式的影响

论文编号:GS213  字数:76137,页数:68

论汇率政策的变化和调整对国有商业银行经营管理模式的影响——农业银行北京分行实证分析

论文摘要

 在竞争日趋激烈的时代，商业银行对经营环境变化适时调整的能力和程度取决于它选择的运营模式。而本外币业务一体化经营管理是国有商业银行改革中的重要组成部分，它既顺应了中国银行业管理架构改革的需要，也符合国际金融发展的潮流趋势。随着我国商业银行外汇资金来源的不断增加，其对资金运营能力和风险控制能力的要求也随之提高。而伴随着我国外汇体制改革的不断深入，特别是2005年人民币汇率形成机制改革后，人民币汇率浮动弹性将逐步增强，外汇头寸总量、持币结构等的决策差异将直接影响着国有商业银行的经营效益。因此，只有建立国有商业银行运营有效的本外币一体化管理体系，重新调整和归并本外汇业务流程，才能适应市场的发展变化及有效防范外汇市场的风险。
 近年来，我国的商业银行根据自身的不同情况，虽然采取了不同模式来实施本外币一体化经营战略，一定程度上解决了原来由国际业务部门统揽外汇业务的管理弊端。但是大部分银行外汇业务分解的部门设计和部门职责划分没有打破传统的思维定式，在经营管理模式选择、业务流程整合、风险控制等方面表现差强人意，制约了外汇资金的运营效率。同时，以传统的职能型组织结构实施考核的模式，形成了银行内部上下级之间、部门之间权责不清、相互推委的管理协调壁垒，既不适应客户对本外币业务整体化的需求，也不利于本外汇业务的全方位拓展。而本外币割裂的市场造成了资产配置的低效率,也不利于规避风险和把握获利机会。[ 宋宇，《横向到边 纵向到底——构建全方位本外币一体化经营管理模式》，《中国外汇》，2006。8。]
 随着汇率形成机制的改革，今后人民币币值的波动将日趋频繁，波幅也将逐步增大；同时，人民币升值的压力，使银行的汇率风险也将日益加大。国有商业银行面临着很多过去未曾遇到的新问题、新矛盾，正处于一个错综复杂、变幻莫测的经营环境中，商业银行的流动性管理、风险控制能力和利润增长存在着前所未有的压力和挑战。面对经济金融运行态势的新变化和国家外汇政策不断调整的影响，国有商业银行如何改变“贷款疲软、利差收窄、风险加大”的困难局面，调整难以为继的传统经营模式以迫在眉睫。只有加快实施经营战略转型，才能在变数日益加大的经济环境中赢得生存与发展的空间。但商业银行实施经营管理战略转型是一项非常庞大的系统工程，涉及到银行经营管理的各个层面，需要从多个维度全面进行。本文仅从汇率政策的变化和调整对国有商业银行经营管理模式的影响这一角度，来探讨国有商业银行本外币一体经营管理模式的选择和应用问题，并以农行北京分行国际业务部的本外币一体化改革实践为实证分析，进一步强调实施本外币一体化经营管理对国有商业银行改革的重要性和采用这一模式的深远意义。
 
 
 
 关键词：     国有商业银行    本外币一体化    汇率政策   经营管理模式

ABSTRACT
During the era of boiling competition, both commercial banks’ ability to adjust themselves to meet the requirements of the changing environment and to what extent they can manage to do so mostly depend on the business running pattern they choose. The business running pattern of syncretism of local and foreign currencies is playing an increasing important role in the reform of state-owned commercial banks, because it to a great degree helps to materialize the reform of state-owned commercial banks. As the resource of foreign exchange fund is increasing continuously, we need to improve our abilities of capital operation and risk control. Going with the further development of China’s reform in foreign exchange system, especially after the innovation in formative mechanism of RMB in 2005, the floating elasticity of RMB will be enhanced, in addition, the total amount of foreign exchange and the decision differences of holding currency structure will directly affect the commercial banks’ running benefit. Therefore, only that we set up effective management system of syncretism of local and foreign currencies, restructuring the foreign exchange business process, we are able to be seasoned with the changes and developments of the market and keep away the risks hailing from the foreign exchange market.

In recent years, although china’s commercial banks have implemented the syncretism of local and foreign currencies strategy in different ways based on their own situations, which somehow resolved the administrant problem, most banks didn’t break out the traditional thinking ways in designing the department structure and plotting out the functions of them. The choice of management pattern, consolidation of business process and risk control may not be well-pleasing and operational effectiveness of the foreign exchange fund was restricted to them.

Going with the innovation in formative mechanism of RMB, fluctuation of RMB value will be more frequent and floating amplitude will be larger. At the same time, the pressure of RMB appreciation make the banks face with greater foreign exchange risks. China’s state-owned commercial banks come across many new problems and contradiction they never met before. As the state-owned commercial banks are running business in a complicated and changing environment, they must get ready for greater pressure and challenges in liquidity management, ability to control risks and creation of operational profits. In the face of new changes in economic and financial movement of the state and the influence of adjustment of the state’s foreign exchange policy, it is high time for commercial banks to consider how to restructure the traditional business running pattern. Only if we speed up the pace of transformation of operation strategy, commercial banks can obtain the space for living and developing in this changing era.

This article aims at discussing the issue related to the choice and application of the business running pattern of syncretism of local and foreign currencies on the basis of the influence of the adjustment of state foreign exchange rate policy to commercial banks. Moreover, the demonstration analysis of Agricultural Bank of China’s reform in syncretism of local and foreign currencies strategy further emphasize the importance of implementation of syncretism of local and foreign currencies strategy to the reform of the commercial banks and the far-reaching significance of utilization of this kind of business running pattern.

Key words:  state-owned commercial bank, syncretism of local and foreign currencies, foreign exchange rate policy, business administration pattern.

目  录

前言…………………………………………………………………………………5
一、 国有商业银行改革与经营管理模式分析…………………………………7
国有商业银行业的改革回顾………………………………………………7
国有商业银行经营管理模式分析及选择…………………………………12
国有商业银行与外资商业银行经营管理模式的比较分析………………16
对国有商业银行改革模式的制度分析……………………………………19
二、 我国汇率机制演变历程分析……………………………………………21
我国汇率机制的演变历程…………………………………………………22
从汇率制度安排看汇率机制的特点……………………………………24
我国汇率机制的前景展望…………………………………………………26
三、   国有商业银行外汇业务经营管理模式实证分析…………………………28
对农行北京分行外汇业务经营管理模式的实证分析……………………30
人民币汇率形成机制改革对商业银行经营管理模式及业务的影响…46
汇率改革对商业银行金融创新的影响……………………………………48
四、 对国有商业银行本外币一体化经营管理模式的探讨…………………48
国有商业银行在发展外汇业务中存在的问题和制约因素………………49
国有商业银行本外币一体化经营管理的优势分析………………………53
 国有商业银行本外币一体化经营管理中的业务流程再造………………54
五、 对国有商业银行实施本外币一体化经营管理模式的建议……………57
 国有商业银行应注重在金融政策的调整中科学合理地设计本外币一体化经营管理的模式……………………………………………………………57
国有商业银行应健全本外币一体化经营管理中的有效激励机制
       ……………………………………………………………………………58
 国有商业银行需建立科学合理的本外币一体化经营管理的业绩评价体系………………………………………………………………………60
 国有商业银行必须加强本外币一体化经营管理中的风险控制………62
国有商业银行应在强化经营管理中提高盈利能力………………………62
国有商业银行应注重对金融产品和品牌的形象管理……………………64
国有商业银行应提高经营管理中的创新能力……………………………65
参考资料……………………………………………………………………………68

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